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1.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 82(2): 150-155, abr. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058693

ABSTRACT

El baclofeno es un análogo estructural del ácido gamma-aminobutírico empleado principalmente como relajante del músculo esquelético para el tratamiento de espasticidad y distonías. Las manifestaciones clínicas de intoxicación por este fármaco, se deben a alteración del nivel de conciencia que produce somnolencia, estado de coma e incluso la muerte. Desde el punto de vista electroencefalográfico, se ha descrito en estos casos, el llamado patrón de brote- supresión. Se presenta el caso de una mujer que súbitamente presentó dificultad para la bipedestación y mutismo acinético y, posteriormente, evolucionó a un estado de coma sin causa aparente. Una evaluación minuciosa en el Servicio de Emergencia, incluyó electroencefalograma urgente que resultó compatible con un patrón continuo de brote-supresión. Ante la sospecha de una intoxicación por baclofeno, la paciente fue tratada con diálisis, la cual revirtió el cuadro clínico y normalizó la actividad electroencefalográfica en un periodo de cinco días.


Baclofen is a structural analog of gamma-aminobutyric acid, primarily used as a skeletal muscle relaxant for treatment of spasticity and dystonia. The clinical picture of baclofen intoxication includes reduction or loss of consciousness and manifestations such as sleepness, coma or even death. Electroencephalograms performed in these cases have consistently shown the so-called burst-suppression pattern. The case of a female patient who suddenly presented difficulty to still-standing and mutism and later evolved into coma, is presented. A detailed study was performed in the emergency department, including an electroencephalogram compatible with a continuous burst-suppression pattern. The patient was treated with dialysis in the face of a possible baclofen intoxication and, in a period of five days, the clinical symptoms reverted and the electroencephalographic activity was normalized.

2.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 33sept. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533469

ABSTRACT

Para el manejo médico de la distonía se han utilizado tradicionalmente varios fármacos encaminados a disminuir esta condición y a mejorar la calidad de vida. Las terapias orales solas o combinadas proporcionan control parcial de los síntomas y en la mayoría de los casos hay que recurrir a terapias invasivas.


SUMMARY During the last years, several drugs has been tried in order to try to diminish the impact of this condition and improve the quality of life of patients who suffer from dystonia. Oral therapy alone or in combination, generates only partial symptom relief and most of the cases end up requiring other more invasive therapies.

3.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 33(supl.1): 25-31, jul.-set. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-989181

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Para el manejo médico de la distonía se han utilizado tradicionalmente varios fármacos encaminados a disminuir esta condición y a mejorar la calidad de vida. Las terapias orales solas o combinadas proporcionan control parcial de los síntomas y en la mayoría de los casos hay que recurrir a terapias invasivas.


SUMMARY During the last years, several drugs has been tried in order to try to diminish the impact of this condition and improve the quality of life of patients who suffer from dystonia. Oral therapy alone or in combination, generates only partial symptom relief and most of the cases end up requiring other more invasive therapies.


Subject(s)
Baclofen , Cholinergic Antagonists , Dystonia
4.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 46(1): 19-27, ene.-mar. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-901198

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el baclofeno se indica como relajante muscular para el alivio de espasticidad grave y ejerce sus efectos como agonista selectivo del receptor GABA-B. Objetivo: caracterizar las intoxicaciones por baclofeno según reportes al Servicio de Información de Urgencia del Cenatox entre 2011 y 2015. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo con un universo de 16 notificaciones, en las que se estudiaron: el centro de salud que asistió al paciente, provincia de procedencia por año de estudio, grupo de edad, sexo, circunstancias del evento, manifestaciones clínicas y severidad de la intoxicación. Resultados: el año 2014 aportó la mayor cantidad de reportes y los niños las mayores frecuencias absolutas, no hubo diferencias en relación al sexo, aunque entre los hombres predominó la causa accidental y entre las féminas las intencionales suicidas. Todas las notificaciones procedieron de atención secundaria, aunque cinco de los pacientes habían sido previamente asistidos en áreas de salud. Todos los afectados presentaron manifestaciones neurológicas, la mayoría fueron reportados de grave y la mitad de los casos presentaron alteraciones cardiorrespiratorias con inestabilidad hemodinámica que llevó a la asistencia ventilatoria. La recuperación fue completa en todos los pacientes y no se reportaron fallecidos por esta causa durante el período de estudio. Conclusiones: la sobredosis de baclofeno es más común en niños y cursa con manifestaciones de neurotoxicidad e inestabilidad hemodinámica(AU)


Introduction: Baclofen is indicated as a muscle relaxant for the relief of severe spasticity and exerts its effects as a selective agonist of the GABA-B receptor. Objective: To characterize baclofen poisonings according to reports to the Cenatox emergency information service between 2011 and 2015. Methods: A retrospective observational study with a universe of 16 notifications, in which the health center that attended the patient and province of origin was studied by year of study, age group, gender, circumstances, clinical manifestations and severity of intoxication. Results: The bigger number of reports and the highest absolute frequencies occurred in the year 2014, there were no differences with regard to sex, although among the men, the accidental cause was predominant, and among women the suicides attemps were predominant. All reports came from secondary care, although five of the patients had previously been assisted in health care areas; all affected had neurological manifestations, most were reported as severe and half of the cases presented cardiorespiratory alterations with hemodynamic instability leading to ventilatory assistance. Recovery was complete in all patients and no deaths were reported for this cause during the study period. Conclusions: Baclofen overdose was more common in children and was characterized by neurotoxicity and hemodynamic instability(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Poisoning/complications , Baclofen/administration & dosage , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Observational Study
5.
Iatreia ; 29 (4): 478-484, Oct. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-834642

ABSTRACT

La espasticidad puede causar inmovilidad, postración, dolor crónico, úlceras, infecciones, trombosis y neumonías; los objetivos del tratamiento son controlar el dolor, mejorar la movilidad y la calidad de vida y reincorporar al paciente a sus actividades cotidianas por medio de medicamentos antiespásticos orales; sin embargo, los pacientes con espasticidad severa pueden requerir altas dosis orales de estos medicamentos y presentar efectos adversos, por lo que se ha planteado el uso del baclofeno por vía intratecal; en Colombia no se ha usado ampliamente esta intervención y no existen protocolos sobre las indicaciones para llevarla a cabo. El objetivo de esta serie de casos es presentar la experiencia de la Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia en el tratamiento con bombas intratecales de baclofeno de cuatro pacientes con espasticidad severa, que no habían evolucionado favorablemente con antiespásticos orales, incluyendo altas dosis de baclofeno. Tres de ellos presentaron mejoría importante del dolor, la espasticidad y la calidad de vida, mientras que el otro cursó con síndrome de tolerancia a este medicamento. La bomba intratecal de baclofeno es una intervención útil y segura para pacientes con espasticidad severa que presentan mala respuesta al tratamiento oral o efectos adversos del mismo.


Spasticity may cause immobility, prostration, chronic pain, bedsores, infections, thrombosis and pneumonia; the purposes of its treatment are to control pain, improve mobility and quality of life, and reincorporate the patient to its daily activities by means of oral anti-spastic drugs; however, patients suffering from severe spasticity may require high oral doses of these medications, which may lead to adverse effects. In such cases, intrathecal baclofen has been proposed as a solution. This procedure has not been widely used in Colombia, so that protocols to perform it have not been established. We report the results obtained with the intrathecal administration of baclofen in four severely spastic patients, who had not previously responded to oral anti-spastic drugs, including high doses of baclofen. Pain, spasticity and quality of life significantly improved in three of them. The remaining one presented tolerance to the medication. Intrathecal baclofen pump is a useful and safe procedure for patients with severe spasticity and poorresponse to oral treatment.


A espasticidade pode causar imobilidade, prostração, dor crônico, úlceras, infeções, trombose e pneumonias; os objetivos do tratamento são controlar ador, melhorar a mobilidade e a qualidade de vida e reincorporar ao doente a suas atividades cotidianas por meio de medicamentos anti-espásticos orais; embora, os pacientes com espasticidade severa podem requerer altas doses orais destes medicamentos eapresentar efeitos adversos, pelo que se há planteado o uso do baclofeno por via intratecal; na Colômbia não se há usado amplamente esta intervenção e não existem protocolos sobre as indicações para levá-la a cabo. O objetivo desta série de casos é apresentar a experiência da Fundação Cardiovascular de Colômbia no tratamento com bombas intratecais de baclofeno de quatro doentes com espasticidade severa, que não haviam evolucionado favoravelmente com anti-espásticos orais, incluindo altas dose de baclofeno. Três deles apresentaram melhoria importante da dor, a espasticidade e a qualidade de vida, enquanto que o outro cursou com síndrome de tolerância a este medicamento. a bomba intratecal de baclofeno é uma intervenção útil e segura para doentes com espasticidade severa que apresentam má resposta aotratamento oral ou efeitos adversos do mesmo.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Anesthesia, Spinal , Baclofen , Infusion Pumps , Muscle Spasticity , Therapeutics
6.
Rev. Salusvita (Online) ; 35(3): 321-338, 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-832880

ABSTRACT

Introdução: o baclofeno, uma droga agonista seletivo de GABA B, tem sido apontado como uma nova opção de tratamento do etilismo. Neste estudo avaliou-se o efeito do baclofeno no consumo etílico em ratos Wistar. Materiais e Métodos: o experimento ocorreu em quatro fases: exposição, abstinência, reexposição e tratamento. Os animais foram alocados em grupos: 1, 2, 3 e 4 (n=5 por grupo), expostos à água pura, solução hidroalcoólica (SHA) 5% e SHA 10%; grupo 5 (subdividido em A, B e C N =5 por subgrupo) e grupo 6 (n=5), ambos expostos a apenas água pura. A administração de baclofeno via intraperitoneal destinou aos grupos 1, 2, 3 e 5 em diferentes doses. Nos demais grupos, administrou-se placebo. Aferiu-se o consumo das soluções em todas as fases, para fins comparativos. Resultados: o baclofeno, na dose de 1mg/Kg, reduziu o consumo de SHA 10% no grupo 1, que apresentou maior consumo etílico durante o experimento. Os demais grupos apresentaram menor consumo das SHA ofertadas, sem redução da ingesta etílica após administração da droga nas doses de 2 e 3mg/Kg. Conclusão: baclofeno reduziu etilismo apenas em animais com maior consumo etílico prévio à sua administração. O peso dos animais não foi fator determinante na resposta à droga. A dose efetiva no tratamento dos efeitos da privação alcoólica foi a de menor concentração (1mg/kg).


Introduction: Baclofen, a GABA B agonist, has been pointed as a new drug on the alcohol consumption treatment. This study has evaluated baclofen ́s effect on ethanol consumption in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: four phases protocol: exposure, abstinence, re-exposure and treatment. Animals were allocated into groups: 1, 2, 3 and 4 (n=5 per group), exposed to pure water, 5% ethanol solution and 10% ethanol solution. Group 5 (subdivided into A, B and C, n=5 by subgroup) and group 6 (n=5), exposed to pure water. Baclofen intraperitoneal administration was destined to groups 1, 2, 3 and 5 (A, B and C) in different doses. The remaining groups received saline solution as control. Solutions consumption was assessed in all phases for comparative purposes. Results: Baclofen at 1mg/Kg reduced the 10% (vv) water-alcohol consumption in animals from Group 1, which also presented greater ethanol consumption during the experiment. The other groups showed a lower water - alcohol consumption and did not show an ethanol intake reduction after the drug administration in both 2 and 3mg/Kg doses. Conclusion: Baclofen only reduces alcoholism in animals with higher ethanol consumption. Animals weight is not a determining factor in ethanol consumption or in baclofen response. The effective baclofen dose in treating the deprivation alcohol effects was observed in the lowest concentration, corresponding to 1mg/Kg dose.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Baclofen/administration & dosage , Baclofen/adverse effects , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Receptors, GABA-B/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Models, Animal
7.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 41(3): 229-235, jul.-set. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-686450

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La espasticidad es desencadenada por una alteración en el sistema nervioso central; puede presentarse de manera local o generalizada. La severidad de los síntomas —entre ellos, limitación funcional, deformidad, dolor, trastorno del sueño, depresión y múltiples incapacidades— depende de las zonas comprometidas. El tratamiento de la enfermedad se basa en la terapia física y es complementado con correctores de postura, algunas intervenciones quirúrgicas y terapia farmacológica. El baclofeno es un medicamento útil en esta patología. La vía de administración inicial siempre es oral, sin embargo por su baja biodisponibilidad o mala tolerancia en algunos pacientes se requiere la vía intratecal. Objetivo: presentar una revisión de la literatura aprovechando el reporte de un caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de tetraparesia espástica que recibió tratamiento con baclofeno intratecal mediante la implantación de una bomba de terapia intratecal (BTI). Métodos y materiales: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos EBSCO, MEDLINE y OVID, que incluyó artículos de revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos, revisiones narrativas y series de casos, entre 1995 y 2012, para la realización de una revisión narrativa no sistemática y reporte de un caso. Resultados: Se tuvieron en cuenta un total de 35 artículos para la realización de la actualización en el tema propuesto. Conclusiones: El uso del baclofeno mediante la implantación de BTI es una alternativa eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de los pacientes con espasticidad severa y refractaria al tratamiento oral convencional.


Introduction: Spasticity is triggered by a central nervous system disorder and may be local or generalized. The severity of symptoms, including functional limitation, deformity, pain, sleep disorders, depression and multiple disabilities, depends on the areas involved. The treatment of the disease is based on physical therapy and complemented with posture correcting devices, a few surgical interventions and drug therapy. Baclofen is a useful drug for this pathology and is usually administered orally; however, due to its low bioavailability or poor tolerance some patients require intrathecal administration. Objective: The purpose of this article is to present a literature review based on a case report of a patient with a diagnosis of spastic tetraparesis, receiving intrathecal baclofen treatment through an implantable intrathecal therapy pump (ITP). Methods and materials: A database search was conducted in EBSCO, MEDLINE and OVID that included systematic review articles, clinical trials, narrative reviews and case series between 1995 and 2012, for a non-systematic narrative review and a case report. Results: 35 articles were considered in total for an update on the topic suggested. Conclusions: Baclofen use through an implanted ITP is an effective and safe option for treating patients with severe spasticity refractory to conventional oral therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans
8.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 40(2): 158-161, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-656932

ABSTRACT

La terapia con baclofeno intratecal es un tratamiento que puede aliviar algunos de los síntomas de la espasticidad severa. Actualmente, la infusión de baclofeno intratecal se utiliza principalmente para el manejo de la espasticidad asociada con parálisis cerebral, lesiones cerebrales o de columna vertebral, traumatismo craneoencefálico, encefalopatía anóxica, esclerosis múltiple, distonía, secuelas de accidente cerebrovascular y síndrome del hombre rígido, especialmente para los pacientes que no responden a otros tratamientos. Los pacientes pueden sufrir efectos secundarios en sistema nervioso central con este manejo, como consecuencia de un error de dosificación del baclofeno en la bomba. El cese repentino de la administración del baclofeno intratecal puede causar síntomas, que van desde leves hasta graves. Presentamos un caso de síndrome de abstinencia por baclofeno intratecal y su manejo exitoso en un paciente en que se desarrolló espasticidad severa.


Intrathecal baclofen therapy is a treatment that can relieve some symptoms of severe spasticity. Currently intrathecal baclofen infusion is used primarily for spasticity associated with cerebral palsy, brain or spinal injury, traumatic brain injury, anoxic encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, dystonia, stroke and stiff-man syndrome, particularly for those patients who are unresponsive. Patients can present central nervous system side effects, this can occur as a result of the pump delivering an incorrect dose of baclofen. Sudden cessation of Intrathecal baclofen administration can cause mild to severe symptoms. We report a case of Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome developing severe spasticity and its management.


Subject(s)
Humans
9.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 47(3): 290-296, jul.-set. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-567312

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter. There is evidence that GABA B receptors located in the dorsal complex and in afferent fibers of the vagus nerve participate in the control of gastrointestinal motility. OBJECTIVE: To assess the intracerebroventricularly (ICV) and intravenously (IV) effect of baclofen, a GABA B receptor agonist, on liquid and solid gastric emptying in rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g (n = 6-8 animals) were used. Gastric emptying of liquid test meals labeled with phenol red was evaluated by the determination of percent gastric retention ( percentGR) 10 and 15 min after orogastric administration of saline and 10 percent glucose meals, respectively. Baclofen was injected ICV (1 and 2 µg/animal) through a tube implanted into the lateral ventricle of the brain and was injected IV (1 and 2 mg/kg) into a tail vein. The gastric emptying of liquid was determined 10 or 30 min after ICV and IV baclofen administration, respectively. The gastric emptying of the solid meal was assessed by the determination of percent gastric retention 2 h after the beginning of the ingestion of the habitual ratio by the animal, consumed over a period of 30 min. Baclofen was administered ICV (1 and 2 µg/animal) or IV (1 and 2 mg/kg) immediately after the end of the ingestion of the solid meal. The control groups received vehicle (sterile saline solution) ICV or IV. RESULTS: The group of animals receiving baclofen ICV (2 mg/animal) presented a significantly lower (P<0.05, Tukey test) percentGR (mean ± SEM) of the saline (18.1 ± 2.5 percent) compared to control (33.2 ± 2.2 percent). In the group receiving the drug IV, the gastric retention of the same test meal did not differ from control. ICV and IV administration of baclofen had no effect on the gastric emptying of the 10 percent glucose solution compared to control. ICV administration of 1 or 2 mg baclofen/animal significantly increased the gastric retention of the solid test meal (57.9 ± 6.5 percent and 66.6 ± 6.3 percent, respectively) compared to control (35.1 ± 4.4 percent). The same phenomenon was observed only with the IV dose of 2 mg/kg (71.9 ± 2.6 percent) compared to control (52.7 ± 2.8 percent). CONCLUSION: Baclofen administered: 1. ICV (2 µg/animal), but not IV, increased gastric emptying of a non-caloric isotonic liquid test meal (saline); 2. when administered ICV or IV, it had no effect of gastric emptying of a 10 percent glucose solution; 3) when administered ICV (1 and 2 mg/animal) and IV (2 mg/kg) it delayed the gastric emptying of the solid meal.


CONTEXTO: O ácido gama-aminobutírico (GABA) é um potente neurotransmissor inibitório. Há evidências que receptores GABA>B localizados no complexo dorsal do vago e em fibras aferentes do nervo vago participam no controle da motricidade gastrointestinal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito intracerebroventricular (ICV) e intravenoso (IV) do baclofen, um agonista para receptores GABA B, sobre o esvaziamento gástrico de líquidos e de sólidos em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados ratos adultos Wistar, machos, de 250-300 g (n = 6-8 animais). O esvaziamento gástrico das refeições de prova líquidas, marcadas com fenol vermelho, foi avaliado através da determinação da por cento de retenção gástrica, 10 e 15 min após administração orogástrica das refeições salina e de glicose a 10 por cento, respectivamente. As injeções ICV de baclofen (1 e 2 µg/animal) foram feitas através de uma sonda implantada no ventrículo lateral do cérebro e as injeções IV de baclofen (1 e 2 mg/kg) numa veia da cauda. O esvaziamento gástrico das refeições de prova líquidas foi determinado 10 ou 30 min após a administração de baclofen ICV ou IV, respectivamente. O esvaziamento gástrico da refeição sólida foi avaliado através da determinação da por cento de retenção gástrica 2 h após o início da ingestão da ração habitual do animal, ingerida durante 30 min. As administrações de baclofen ICV (1 e 2 µg/animal) e IV (1 e 2 mg/kg) foram feitas imediatamente após o término da ingestão da refeição sólida. Os grupos controles receberam ICV ou IV veículo (solução salina estéril). RESULTADOS: O grupo de animais que recebeu baclofen 2 mg/animal ICV apresentou retenção gástrica (média ± SEM) de salina (18.1 ± 2.5 por cento) significantemente menor (P<0.05, teste de Tukey) em relação ao grupo controle (33.2 ± 2.2 por cento). No grupo com administração IV da droga, a retenção gástrica da mesma refeição de prova não diferiu do seu controle. As administrações ICV e IV de baclofen não tiveram qualquer efeito no esvaziamento gástrico da solução de glicose a 10 por cento, em relação aos seus controles. A administração ICV de 1 ou 2 µg/animal de baclofen aumentou significativamente as retenções gástricas da refeição de prova sólida (57.9 ± 6.5 por cento e 66.6 ± 6.3 por cento, respectivamente) em relação ao grupo controle (35.1 ± 4.4 por cento). O mesmo fenômeno somente foi observado com a dose IV de 2 mg/kg (71.9 ± 2.6 por cento) em relação ao grupo controle (52.7 ± 2.8 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: O baclofen administrado: 1. ICV (2 µg/animal), mas não IV, aumentou o esvaziamento gástrico de uma refeição de prova líquida isotônica não-calórica (salina); 2. ICV ou IV, não teve efeito sobre o esvaziamento da solução de glicose a 10 por cento; 3) ICV (1 e 2 µg/animal) e IV (2 mg/kg) retardou o esvaziamento gástrico da refeição sólida.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Baclofen/pharmacology , GABA Agonists/pharmacology , Gastric Emptying/drug effects , Glucose , Nerve Fibers/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, GABA-B/physiology , Sodium Chloride , Solutions
10.
Rev. cuba. farm ; 32(1): 34-39, ene.-abr. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-628416

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio de las posibles interacciones químicas entre el baclofeno, principio activo, y los distintos excipientes preseleccionados en la preformulación del baclofeno tableta, y al mismo tiempo un estudio de estabilidad térmica con el empleo de la calorimetría diferencial de barrido como técnica fundamental, la cual fue complementada con la cromatografía de capa fina y la espectroscopia infrarroja. Se obtuvo como resultado la no interacción química entre el principio activo y los excipientes; además se estableció un orden de estabilidad térmica con el propósito de realizar posibles sustituciones de algunos excipientes en la preformulación, con vistas a garantizar una mayor estabilidad del producto final.


A study of the possible chemical interactions between baclofen, active principle, and the different excipients preselected in the preformulation of baclofen tablet was conducted. A study of thermic stability by using the differential scanning calorimetry, which was complemented with thin layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy, was carried out at the same time. As a result, the non-chemical interaction between the active principle and the excipients was obtained, and an order of thermic stability was established aimed at making possible substitutions of some excipients in the preformulation in order to guarantees a greater stability of the final product.

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